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Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat around the body, which constitutes a risk to health. An estimate of a person’s total body fat is the body mass index (BMI); the weight of a person (in kilograms) divided by the square of their height (in meters). Obesity is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer (to name a few). It was once considered a problem only in high-income countries; however, being obese and overweight are increasing significantly in low- and middle-income countries.

Across all societies, the prevalence of obesity is higher among urban dwellers and those doing less physical activity. The good news is that even a small amount of weight loss can improve or prevent the health problems associated with obesity. A change in diet, increased physical activity, and lifestyle changes can help with weight loss.

CAUSES

• Genetics
• Overeating
• Inactivity
• Unhealthy diet
• Medical conditions
• Certain medications

DIAGNOSIS

The body mass index is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms (kg) by height in meters (m) squared. A BMI of at least 25 is considered overweight but a BMI of 30 or higher is termed obese.

COMPLICATIONS

Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases that includes;

• Diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Heart disease
• Stroke
• Cancer
• Breathing disorders, including sleep apnea, a potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts
• Gallbladder disease
• Gynecological problems, such as infertility and irregular periods
• Erectile dysfunction and sexual health issues

PREVENTION

Obesity can be prevented by embracing specific lifestyle changes such as:

• Exercising regularly
• Following a healthy eating plan
• Knowing and avoiding food that are bad for your health and avoid eating them
• Monitoring your weight regularly. 
• Being consistent with all the above.  Diagnosis & treatment